手把手教你如何编排和容器化微服务

准备

在本人的微服务系列中，已经演示了各个spring cloud 微服务组件的使用，以及相关的示例微服务应用。在每次启动微服务和对微服务进行扩容、缩容都不方便，本文使用docker-compose将以下的微服务容器化，并进行自动化部署。

1.微服务治理组件列表

2.微服务示例列表

3.环境与工具

• 环境 linux (ubuntu 16)

• 工具 docker+gitlab+rabbitmq+docker registry+intellij idea+maven

操作步骤

本文编写两个docker-compose.yml文件，将服务治理和服务示例分开，主要是因为服务示例依赖了服务治理，部分示例必须要等待服务治理组件加载完毕才能正常启动，比如hello项目使用了配置中心config server的配置，config server未加载完毕，hello项目启动异常。

虽然depends_on、links等具有启动顺序的问题，但解决不了启动是否 ready的问题.

1.编写 Dockerfile

在每个项目的根目录中，编写Dockerfile,文件内容为

FROM java:8-jre-alpine RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/' /etc/apk/repositories VOLUME /tmp ADD target/*.jar app.jar RUN sh -c 'touch /app.jar' RUN echo $(date) > /image_built_at ENTRYPOINT [java,-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom,-jar,/app.jar,--spring.profiles.active=${SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE}] 

其中SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE为后面docker-compose.yml传入的环境变量，指定项目以使用哪段配置启动。

2.在原有的配置文件application.yml增加spring.profiles:docker的配置

主要是使用docker后，服务依赖的其他服务的连接发生改变，通过配置环境变量来动态接收docker-compose的配置参数。

track增加的spring.profiles:docker配置

--- spring: profiles: docker server: port: ${{SERVER_PORT}:9411} eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: ${EUREKA_SERVER_LIST} 

hello 增加的spring.profiles:docker配置

--- spring: profiles: docker datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/${{MYSQL_DATABASE}:hello} username: ${{MYSQL_USERNAME}:user} password: ${{MYSQL_PASSWORD}:passworld} testWhileIdle: true validationQuery: SELECT 1 jpa: show-sql: false hibernate: ddl-auto: update naming-strategy: org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy properties: hibernate: dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect zipkin: base-url: http://track:9411 eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: ${EUREKA_SERVER_LIST} 

${{MYSQL_USERNAME}:user} 是指配置文件在启动的时候如果没有读取到环境变量MYSQL_USERNAME的值，则使用默认值user。这种配置在开发的时候十分有用，比如切换开发、测试、生产环境配置。

3.编写批量编译的shell脚本images-build.sh

该脚本将进入到各个项目中，使用maven对项目进行打包，然后使用docker，根据Dockerfile对项目进行构建，生成分别带有:lastest 和当前日期标签的两个镜像。

#!/bin/bash # 编译所有的代码，生成docker 镜像 function progress(){ local GREEN CLEAN GREEN='\033[0;32m' CLEAN='\033[0m' printf \n${GREEN}$@ ${CLEAN}\n >&2 } set -e # 镜像仓库前缀 REGPREFIX=127.0.0.1:5000/billjiang TOTAL=10 #discovery server progress Building discovery-server(1/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd common/discovery mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building discovery(eureka server)(1/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/discovery -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/discovery:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - #config server progress Building config-server(2/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd common/configserver mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building config server(2/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/configserver -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/configserver:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - #gateway progress Building gateway-zuul(3/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd common/gateway mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building gateway-zuul(3/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/gateway -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/gateway:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - #track sleuth+zipkin progress Building track(sleuth+zipkin)(4/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd common/track mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building track by sleuth+zipkin(4/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/track -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/track:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - #hystrix-dashboard progress Building hystrix-dashboard(5/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd common/hystrix-dashboard mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building hystrix-dashboard(5/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/hystrix-dashboard -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/hystrix-dashboard:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - #hystrix-turbine-mq progress Buildinhg hystrix-turbine-mq(6/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd common/hystrix-turbine-mq mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building hystrix-turbine-mq(6/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/hystrix-turbine-mq -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/hystrix-turbine-mq:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - #hello progress Buildinhg hello service(7/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd service/hello mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building hello service(7/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/hello -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/hello:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - #world progress Buildinhg world service(8/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd service/world mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building world service(8/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/world -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/world:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - #helloworld progress Buildinhg helloworld service(9/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd service/helloworld mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building helloworld service(9/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/helloworld -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/helloworld:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - #helloworld-feign progress Buildinhg helloworld-feign service(10/${TOTAL}) jar file ... cd service/helloworld-feign mvn clean package -DskipTests progress Building helloworld-feign service(10/${TOTAL}) docker image ... docker tag $(docker build -t ${REGPREFIX}/helloworld-feign -q .) ${REGPREFIX}/helloworld-feign:$(date -u +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S) cd - 

4.进入到项目目录springcloud-demo，执行bash images-build.sh进行批量编译打包

批量编译打包springcloud-demo.png

5.创建服务治理组件的docker-compose.yml，编写如下内容

version: 2 services: #启动注册中心eureka-server集群 集中管理/服务注册/服务发现 discovery1: container_name: discovery1 image: 127.0.0.1:5000/billjiang/discovery ports: - 8761:8761 environment: - ADDITIONAL_EUREKA_SERVER_LIST=http://discovery2:8762/eureka/ - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker - SERVER_PORT=8761 discovery2: container_name: discovery2 image: 127.0.0.1:5000/billjiang/discovery ports: - 8762:8762 environment: - ADDITIONAL_EUREKA_SERVER_LIST=http://discovery1:8761/eureka/ - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker - SERVER_PORT=8762 links: - discovery1 #启动配置中心config-server集群 配置更新/配置集中管理/多环境配置 config1: container_name: configserver1 image: 127.0.0.1:5000/billjiang/configserver ports: - 8090:8090 environment: - EUREKA_SERVER_LIST=http://discovery1:8761/eureka/,http://discovery2:8762/eureka/ - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker - SERVER_PORT=8090 links: - discovery1 - discovery2 config2: container_name: configserver2 image: 127.0.0.1:5000/billjiang/configserver ports: - 8091:8091 environment: - EUREKA_SERVER_LIST=http://discovery1:8761/eureka/,http://discovery2:8762/eureka/ - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker - SERVER_PORT=8091 links: - discovery1 - discovery2 #启动网关gateway,可配置成集群,使用nginx进行负载 智能路由/安全控制/负载均衡 gateway: container_name: gateway image: 127.0.0.1:5000/billjiang/gateway ports: - 8086:8086 environment: - EUREKA_SERVER_LIST=http://discovery1:8761/eureka/,http://discovery2:8762/eureka/ - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker - SERVER_PORT=8086 links: - discovery1 - discovery2 # 启动seluth+zipkin zipkin服务跟踪/依赖可视化 track: container_name: track image: 127.0.0.1:5000/billjiang/track ports: - 9411:9411 environment: - EUREKA_SERVER_LIST=http://discovery1:8761/eureka/,http://discovery2:8762/eureka/ - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker - SERVER_PORT=9411 links: - discovery1 - discovery2 # hystrix # 启动hystrix-dashboard hystrix-dashboard: container_name: hystrix-dashboard image: 127.0.0.1:5000/billjiang/hystrix-dashboard ports: - 8087:8087 environment: - EUREKA_SERVER_LIST=http://discovery1:8761/eureka/,http://discovery2:8762/eureka/ - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker - SERVER_PORT=8087 links: - discovery1 - discovery2 # 启动hystrix-turbine-mq 基于消息中间件的实时性能数据收集 hystrix-turbine-mq: container_name: hystrix-turbine-mq image: 127.0.0.1:5000/billjiang/hystrix-turbine-mq ports: - 8089:8089 environment: - EUREKA_SERVER_LIST=http://discovery1:8761/eureka/,http://discovery2:8762/eureka/ - SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=docker - SERVER_PORT=8089 links: - discovery1 - discovery2 mysql: container_name: mysql image: mysql:5.7 environment: - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=passw0rd - MYSQL_DATABASE=foodb - MYSQL_USER=user1 - MYSQL_PASSWORD=passw0rd 

6.启动服务治理的docker-compose.yml

在springcloud-demo根目录下，使用docker-compose up启动服务编排，如下界面所示：

服务治理服务编排启动1.png

启动后，打开注册中心地址，查看已经启动的服务：

已经启动的服务列表.png

7.连接外部docker容器

配置中心使用到了gitlab, 服务跟踪track使用了rabbitmq，这两个容器都不在docker-compose之中，要使得能够互相连通，要把这两个容器也加入到springclouddemo_default网络。

docker network connect springclouddemo_default gitlab docker network connect springclouddemo_default rabbitmq 

使用docker network inspect springclouddemo_default可以查看到已经加入网络的容器。

8.启动服务示例编排docker-compose.yml

进入到service目录，使用docker-compose up启动服务示例编排，如下所示：

服务示例编排1.png

服务示例编排2

9.在Eureka Server查看新增的服务

新增注册服务.png

10.可以使用如下命令对服务进行扩容

scale扩容.png

刷新Eureka Server，可以看到服务已经扩展到三个节点。

扩容后.png

作者：billJiang
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/05518d252186

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45727359/article/details/104438172?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522d9c8dd2fdc4920c903ae43bbadf95757%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334.pc%255Fblog.%2522%257D&request_id=d9c8dd2fdc4920c903ae43bbadf95757&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~blog~first_rank_ecpm_v1~times_rank-14-104438172-null-null.nonecase&utm_term=%E7%BB%BF%E8%81%94nas